Simulasi Pengendalian Limpasan Permukaan dengan Penerapan Low-Impact Development di Kawasan Perumahan Simulation of Surface Runoff Control with Low-Impact Development Implementation in Residential Area
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Abstract
Applying the Low-Impact Development (LID) approach in urban drainage systems can help control surface runoff, therefore mitigating the potential of flooding risk. However, its effectiveness varies widely, and various technical factors influence its performance. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and performance of LID units, namely bioretention and infiltration wells, in controlling surface runoff. The Center Park Housing area, covering an area of 11.53 hectares located in Palembang City, was chosen as the study area. The ability of the LID unit to reduce the volume and discharge of runoff, as well as the runoff coefficient, was simulated using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) program based on input from various design rainfall cases. There were four simulated design rainfalls, i.e. 108.76 mm (2-year return period), 133.20 mm (5-year), 149.38 mm (10-year), and 169.82 mm (25-year). The LID unit implementation scenarios were varied with the number of infiltration well units of 1 - 4 units per house plot. The number and area of bioretention units were considered constant for all scenarios. The simulation results show that the LID implementation can reduce runoff volume and peak discharge and help decrease the runoff coefficient in the study area effectively, especially in the case of lower design rainfall (2-year). The performance of the infiltration wells unit in producing runoff losses is better than the bioretention unit because its construction structure has a larger storage capacity for a similar unit area. Although the LID method is quite effective in reducing runoff, its combination with conventional methods may produce better performance, so further research that discusses this needs to be addressed.
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Yuono, A. L., Iryani, S. Y., Alia, F., & Al Amin, M. B. (2024). Simulasi Pengendalian Limpasan Permukaan dengan Penerapan Low-Impact Development di Kawasan Perumahan: Simulation of Surface Runoff Control with Low-Impact Development Implementation in Residential Area. Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil, 13(2), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.35139/cantilever.v13i2.400
References
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[26] Q. Liu, W. Cui, Z. Tian, Y. Tang, M. Tillotson, and J. Liu, “Stormwater Management Modeling in ‘Sponge City’ Construction: Current State and Future Directions,” Front. Environ. Sci., vol. 9, p. 816093, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2021.816093.
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[29] R. Cronshey, R. H. McCuen, N. Miller, W. Rawls, S. Robbins, and D. Woodward, Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Second Edition. in TR-55. U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1986.
[30] S. A. Shannak, F. H. Jaber, and B. J. Lesikar, “Modeling the Effect of Cistern Size, Soil Type, and Irrigation Scheduling on Rainwater Harvesting as a Stormwater Control Measure,” Water Resour Manage, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 4219–4235, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11269-014-0740-x.
[31] M. Tuller and D. Or, “WATER RETENTION AND CHARACTERISTIC CURVE,” in Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, Elsevier, 2005, pp. 278–289. doi: 10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00376-3.
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[33] C. Son, K. Hyun, D. Kim, J. Baek, and Y. Ban, “Development and Application of a Low Impact Development (LID)-Based District Unit Planning Model,” Sustainability, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 145, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.3390/su9010145.
[34] Z.-T. Miao, M. Han, and S. Hashemi, “The effect of successive low-impact development rainwater systems on peak flow reduction in residential areas of Shizhuang, China,” Environ Earth Sci, vol. 78, no. 2, p. 51, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s12665-018-8016-z.
[35] W. Sohn, J.-H. Kim, M.-H. Li, and R. Brown, “The influence of climate on the effectiveness of low impact development: A systematic review,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 236, pp. 365–379, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.041.
[36] B. Neupane, T. M. Vu, and A. K. Mishra, “Evaluation of land-use, climate change, and low-impact development practices on urban flooding,” Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 1729–1742, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1080/02626667.2021.1954650.
[37] M. O. Arjenaki, H. R. Z. Sanayei, H. Heidarzadeh, and N. A. Mahabadi, “Modeling and investigating the effect of the LID methods on collection network of urban runoff using the SWMM model (case study: Shahrekord City),” Model. Earth Syst. Environ., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–16, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40808-020-00870-2.
[38] Z. Vojinovic et al., “Effectiveness of small- and large-scale Nature-Based Solutions for flood mitigation: The case of Ayutthaya, Thailand,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 789, p. 147725, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147725.
[39] M. F. N. Dos Santos, A. P. Barbassa, and A. F. Vasconcelos, “Low impact development strategies for a low-income settlement: Balancing flood protection and life cycle costs in Brazil,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 65, p. 102650, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102650.
[40] Q. Li, F. Wang, Y. Yu, Z. Huang, M. Li, and Y. Guan, “Comprehensive performance evaluation of LID practices for the sponge city construction: A case study in Guangxi, China,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 231, pp. 10–20, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.024.
[41] K. Koc, Ö. Ekmekcioğlu, and M. Özger, “An integrated framework for the comprehensive evaluation of low impact development strategies,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 294, p. 113023, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113023.
[2] Y. Chen, H. W. Samuelson, and Z. Tong, “Integrated design workflow and a new tool for urban rainwater management,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 180, pp. 45–51, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.059.
[3] Y. Li, J. J. Huang, M. Hu, H. Yang, and K. Tanaka, “Design of low impact development in the urban context considering hydrological performance and life-cycle cost,” Journal of Flood Risk Management, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1–15, 2020, doi: 10.1111/jfr3.12625.
[4] Y. Hanastasia and A. Sudradjat, “Kajian Awal Penetapan Teknologi Low Impact Development/Green Infrastructure Pada Pengelolaan Limpasan Hujan Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi (Studi Kasus : Das Citarum Hulu Bukan Kota),” Jurnal Tehnik Lingkungan, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 92–103, 2016, doi: 10.5614/j.tl.2016.22.2.10.
[5] T. D. Fletcher et al., “SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more – The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage,” Urban Water Journal, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 525–542, 2014, doi: 10.1080/1573062X.2014.916314.
[6] I. Nowogoński, “Low Impact Development Modeling To Manage Urban Stormwater Runoff: Case Study of Gorzów Wielkopolsk,” Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 105–115, 2020, doi: 10.3846/jeelm.2020.12670.
[7] K. Eckart, Z. McPhee, and T. Bolisetti, “Performance and implementation of low impact development – A review,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 607–608, pp. 413–432, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.254.
[8] G. Zhao and D. Z. Meng, “Research Progress of Low Impact Development Technology,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 474, no. 5, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/474/5/052033.
[9] S. A. Palermo, V. C. Talarico, and M. Turco, “On the LID systems effectiveness for urban stormwater management: Case study in Southern Italy,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 410, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012012.
[10] A. Arahuetes and J. O. Cantos, “The potential of sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) as an adaptive strategy to climate change in the Spanish Mediterranean,” International Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 764–779, 2019, doi: 10.1080/00207233.2019.1634927.
[11] L. Azkarini, E. Anggraheni, and D. Sutjiningsih, “The influence of low impact development-best management practices implementation on surface runoff reduction: A case study in Universitas Indonesia catchment area,” MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 276, p. 04007, 2019, doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201927604007.
[12] M. Montazerolhodjah, “Urban environments sustainable development through low impact approaches,” Progress in Industrial Ecology, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 16–28, 2019, doi: 10.1504/PIE.2019.098763.
[13] M. Movahedinia, J. M. V. Samani, F. Barakhasi, S. Taghvaeian, and R. Stepanian, “Simulating the effects of low impact development approaches on urban flooding: A case study from Tehran, Iran,” Water Science and Technology, vol. 80, no. 8, pp. 1591–1600, 2019, doi: 10.2166/wst.2019.412.
[14] X. Guo, P. Du, D. Zhao, and M. Li, “Modelling low impact development in watersheds using the storm water management model,” Urban Water Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 146–155, 2019, doi: 10.1080/1573062X.2019.1637440.
[15] S. H. Ghodsi, Z. Zahmatkesh, E. Goharian, R. Kerachian, and Z. Zhu, “Optimal design of low impact development practices in response to climate change,” Journal of Hydrology, vol. 580, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124266.
[16] M. B. Al Amin, J. Sujono, and R. Triatmadja, “A Review of Recent Developments on Modeling Low Impact Development (LID) Technique,” Cantilever, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 31–44, May 2024, doi: 10.35139/cantilever.v13i1.320.
[17] M. B. Al Amin, H. Haki, and F. Alia, “Tinjauan Kapasitas Sistem Drainase di Perumahan Center Park Palembang Menggunakan PCSWMM,” JRS-Unand, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 178, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.25077/jrs.18.3.178-193.2022.
[18] L. A. Rossman and M. Simon, Storm Water Management Model User’s Manual Version 5.2, vol. EPA/600/R-22/030. United States Enviromental Protection Agency, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.epa.gov/water-research
[19] L. Bahunta and R. S. B. Waspodo, “Rancangan Sumur Resapan Air Hujan sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Limpasan di Kampung Babakan, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor,” JSIL, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 37–48, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.29244/jsil.4.1.37-48.
[20] M. D. Anggoro and A. B. Ananti, “Kajian Intensitas Hujan Tahun 2002-2022 di Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta,” Buletin Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 38–45, Oct. 2023.
[21] B. W. Ballard et al., The SuDS Manual. in CIRIA, no. C753. London, UK: CIRIA, 2015.
[22] ABC Waters, Condensed Booklet on Engineering Procedures for ABC Waters Design Features, 2018 Edition. Singapore: PUB Singapore’s National Water Agency, 2018.
[23] Anonim, “Cara Pembuatan Sumur Resapan Untuk Muka Air Tanah +- 2 m,” Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup, 2007. [Online]. Available: http://perpustakaan.menlhk.go.id/pustaka/images/docs/sumur%20resapan.1pdf.pdf
[24] L. A. Rossman and W. C. Huber, Storm Water Management Model Reference Manual Volume III – Water Quality, vol. EPA/600/R-16/093. United States Enviromental Protection Agency, 2016. [Online]. Available: www.epa.gov/water-research
[25] L. A. Rossman and W. C. Huber, Storm Water Management Model Reference Manual Volume I – Hydrology (Revised), vol. EPA/600/R-15/162A. United States Enviromental Protection Agency, 2016. [Online]. Available: www2.epa.gov/water-research
[26] Q. Liu, W. Cui, Z. Tian, Y. Tang, M. Tillotson, and J. Liu, “Stormwater Management Modeling in ‘Sponge City’ Construction: Current State and Future Directions,” Front. Environ. Sci., vol. 9, p. 816093, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2021.816093.
[27] Al Amin, M. Baitullah, Pemodelan Sistem Drainase Perkotaan Menggunakan SWMM. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2020.
[28] L. A. Rossman, Storm Water Management Model Reference Manual Volume II – Hydraulics, vol. EPA/600/R-17/111. United States Enviromental Protection Agency, 2017. [Online]. Available: www.epa.gov/water-research
[29] R. Cronshey, R. H. McCuen, N. Miller, W. Rawls, S. Robbins, and D. Woodward, Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Second Edition. in TR-55. U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1986.
[30] S. A. Shannak, F. H. Jaber, and B. J. Lesikar, “Modeling the Effect of Cistern Size, Soil Type, and Irrigation Scheduling on Rainwater Harvesting as a Stormwater Control Measure,” Water Resour Manage, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 4219–4235, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11269-014-0740-x.
[31] M. Tuller and D. Or, “WATER RETENTION AND CHARACTERISTIC CURVE,” in Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, Elsevier, 2005, pp. 278–289. doi: 10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00376-3.
[32] M. Ho, R. Nathan, C. Wasko, E. Vogel, and A. Sharma, “Projecting changes in flood event runoff coefficients under climate change,” Journal of Hydrology, vol. 615, p. 128689, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128689.
[33] C. Son, K. Hyun, D. Kim, J. Baek, and Y. Ban, “Development and Application of a Low Impact Development (LID)-Based District Unit Planning Model,” Sustainability, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 145, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.3390/su9010145.
[34] Z.-T. Miao, M. Han, and S. Hashemi, “The effect of successive low-impact development rainwater systems on peak flow reduction in residential areas of Shizhuang, China,” Environ Earth Sci, vol. 78, no. 2, p. 51, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s12665-018-8016-z.
[35] W. Sohn, J.-H. Kim, M.-H. Li, and R. Brown, “The influence of climate on the effectiveness of low impact development: A systematic review,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 236, pp. 365–379, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.041.
[36] B. Neupane, T. M. Vu, and A. K. Mishra, “Evaluation of land-use, climate change, and low-impact development practices on urban flooding,” Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 1729–1742, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1080/02626667.2021.1954650.
[37] M. O. Arjenaki, H. R. Z. Sanayei, H. Heidarzadeh, and N. A. Mahabadi, “Modeling and investigating the effect of the LID methods on collection network of urban runoff using the SWMM model (case study: Shahrekord City),” Model. Earth Syst. Environ., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–16, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40808-020-00870-2.
[38] Z. Vojinovic et al., “Effectiveness of small- and large-scale Nature-Based Solutions for flood mitigation: The case of Ayutthaya, Thailand,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 789, p. 147725, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147725.
[39] M. F. N. Dos Santos, A. P. Barbassa, and A. F. Vasconcelos, “Low impact development strategies for a low-income settlement: Balancing flood protection and life cycle costs in Brazil,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 65, p. 102650, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102650.
[40] Q. Li, F. Wang, Y. Yu, Z. Huang, M. Li, and Y. Guan, “Comprehensive performance evaluation of LID practices for the sponge city construction: A case study in Guangxi, China,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 231, pp. 10–20, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.024.
[41] K. Koc, Ö. Ekmekcioğlu, and M. Özger, “An integrated framework for the comprehensive evaluation of low impact development strategies,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 294, p. 113023, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113023.
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